ADHD Medications & Coaching for Enhanced Treatment

ADHD Coaching
Written By Kimberly Putman

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) affects millions of children and adults worldwide, impacting focus, executive functioning, and emotional regulation. While stimulant medications are commonly prescribed, non-stimulant options also play a crucial role in treatment.

If you or someone you support is navigating ADHD treatment options, this blog outlines common non-stimulant and stimulant medications for ADHD, supported by research from the American Medical Association (AMA) and leading medical journals.

Example of Non-Stimulant Medications for ADHD

While stimulants are the most commonly prescribed treatment, non-stimulants are ideal for those who experience side effects from stimulants or have co-existing conditions that contraindicate stimulant use.

1. Atomoxetine (Strattera)

  • A selective norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (NRI), Strattera is the first FDA-approved non-stimulant for ADHD.

  • Benefits: Effective for children, adolescents, and adults; lower abuse potential.

  • Considerations: Can take several weeks to show effects; may cause nausea or mood swings.

2. Guanfacine (Intuniv)

  • Originally a blood pressure medication, Guanfacine is an alpha-2 adrenergic agonist that helps with impulsivity and hyperactivity.

  • Benefits: Can improve emotional regulation; used as monotherapy or adjunct therapy with stimulants.

  • Considerations: May cause drowsiness or low blood pressure.

3. Clonidine (Kapvay)

  • Similar to Guanfacine, Clonidine is also an alpha-2 agonist that helps regulate attention and behavior.

  • Benefits: Can aid in sleep issues common in ADHD patients.

  • Considerations: Sedation and dizziness are possible side effects.

4. Bupropion (Wellbutrin)

  • Though primarily an antidepressant, Bupropion impacts dopamine and norepinephrine levels, which can enhance focus and reduce hyperactivity.

  • Benefits: Can also treat co-occurring depression or anxiety.

  • Considerations: Not FDA-approved for ADHD; may increase anxiety in some patients.

5. Viloxazine (Qelbree)

  • A newer non-stimulant ADHD medication, Viloxazine works as a norepinephrine modulating agent.

  • Benefits: Shown to be effective in both children and adults.

  • Considerations: Still being studied for long-term efficacy; potential side effects include drowsiness and appetite changes.

Examples of Stimulant Medications for ADHD

Stimulants remain the gold standard for ADHD treatment due to their rapid effectiveness in enhancing focus and impulse control. These medications primarily increase dopamine and norepinephrine levels in the brain.

1. Methylphenidate (Ritalin, Concerta, Metadate, Daytrana)

  • One of the most widely prescribed ADHD medications.

  • Benefits: Available in short-acting, intermediate, and extended-release formulations.

  • Considerations: May cause insomnia, appetite suppression, and increased heart rate.

2. Amphetamine-Dextroamphetamine (Adderall, Adderall XR, Mydayis)

  • A combination of amphetamine salts, Adderall is highly effective for attention and impulse control.

  • Benefits: Works quickly; long-acting versions available for full-day symptom control.

  • Considerations: Risk of increased heart rate, irritability, and potential for misuse.

3. Dexmethylphenidate (Focalin, Focalin XR)

  • A refined version of methylphenidate, designed to work with lower doses.

  • Benefits: Reduced side effects compared to Ritalin.

  • Considerations: May cause headaches, nausea, and anxiety.

4. Lisdexamfetamine (Vyvanse)

  • A prodrug that converts into active medication in the body, reducing potential for abuse.

  • Benefits: Smooth, long-lasting effect without strong peaks and crashes.

  • Considerations: Slower onset compared to Adderall; potential for insomnia.

5. Methamphetamine (Desoxyn)

  • The least commonly prescribed stimulant but still FDA-approved for ADHD.

  • Benefits: May work for patients who do not respond to other stimulant medications.

  • Considerations: High potential for misuse; reserved for treatment-resistant cases.

The Benefits of Pairing Medication with ADHD Coaching

While medications help manage core ADHD symptoms like inattention and hyperactivity, they do not teach the skills needed to navigate daily life. This is where ADHD coaching plays a crucial role.

Improved Executive Functioning – Coaches help clients develop strategies for organization, time management, and prioritization.

Accountability and Support – Regular coaching sessions provide structured guidance to implement behavioral changes.

Emotional and Social Skills Development – Coaching can assist in managing impulsivity, improving communication, and fostering self-awareness.

Personalized Coping Strategies – A coach tailors solutions based on the individual's lifestyle, strengths, and challenges.

Bridging the Gap Between Medication and Real-World Application – While medication improves focus, coaching helps translate that focus into productive action.

For individuals who take ADHD medication, working with an ADHD coach enhances their ability to turn improved attention into meaningful progress, making both treatments more effective together.

Sources:

  • American Medical Association (AMA)

  • Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry

  • National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH)

  • ADHD Medication Guidelines from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA)

 

Kimberly Putman
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